[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css_animation=”fadeInDown”]S\u0103rb\u0103torile de iarn\u0103 sunt foarte importante pentru rom\u00e2ni. Acestea fiind spuse, Cr\u0103ciunul r\u0103m\u00e2ne cea mai important\u0103 s\u0103rb\u0103toare a anului pentru ei \u0219i este s\u0103rb\u0103torit mereu cu mult fast. Cr\u0103ciunul este s\u0103rb\u0103torit \u00een fiecare an pe 25 decembrie, o s\u0103rb\u0103toare ce \u0219i-a p\u0103strat toat\u0103 tradi\u021bia religioas\u0103 \u0219i folclorul.<\/p>\n
[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css_animation=”fadeInDown”]Rom\u00e2nia, o \u021bar\u0103 puternic marcat\u0103 de credin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i spiritualitate, este o republic\u0103 secular\u0103 \u00een care ortodoxia domin\u0103 clar, cu peste 85% de credincio\u0219i. Dintre celelalte confesiuni, catolicii (5%) \u0219i protestan\u021bii (3,5%) sunt cei mai numero\u0219i. \u00cen anii comunismului, religia a fost ignorat\u0103, dar dup\u0103 c\u0103derea lui Ceau\u0219escu \u00een 1989, aceasta s-a extins foarte mult, ceea ce a dus la construirea a numeroase biserici \u00een \u00eentreaga \u021bar\u0103.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css_animation=”fadeIn”]<\/p>\n
[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_images_carousel images=”33334,33341″ img_size=”960×960″ css_animation=”fadeIn”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_column_text css_animation=”fadeIn”]Preg\u0103tirile pentru petrecerea de Cr\u0103ciun \u00eencep cu mult timp \u00eenainte, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t totul s\u0103 fie perfect \u00een perioada festiv\u0103. S\u0103rb\u0103toarea Cr\u0103ciunului \u00eencepe astfel cu sacrificarea porcului dup\u0103 ziua Sf\u00e2ntului Ignatie al Antiohiei, pe 20 decembrie. Se spune c\u0103 \u00een noaptea de dinaintea Sf\u00e2ntului Igna\u021biu, porcii viseaz\u0103 c\u0103 vor fi uci\u0219i. Se spune c\u0103 aceast\u0103 tradi\u021bie \u00ee\u0219i are originile \u00een perioada precre\u0219tin\u0103, c\u00e2nd oamenii \u00ee\u0219i sacrificau animalele, \u00een special porcii, \u0219i le d\u0103deau ca ofrande zeilor, ca mul\u021bumire pentru anul care tocmai trecuse. Dup\u0103 ce porcul este sacrificat, pielea este ars\u0103, iar p\u0103rul este \u00eendep\u0103rtat cu un cu\u021bit. Apoi, carnea de porc este preg\u0103tit\u0103 cu grij\u0103: c\u00e2rna\u021bi de cas\u0103 numi\u021bi „tob\u0103” sau „caltabo\u0219i”, jeleu de carne numit „piftie”, pielea de porc sau „\u0219orici” \u0219i faimoasele „sarmale”, care este m\u00e2ncarea preferat\u0103 a rom\u00e2nilor – frunze de varz\u0103 murat\u0103 umplute cu carne tocat\u0103 de porc condimentat\u0103 cu diferite mirodenii. Dup\u0103 ce a\u021bi \u00eencercat toate aceste feluri de m\u00e2ncare din carne, trebuie s\u0103 v\u0103 \u00eendulci\u021bi cu ni\u0219te „cozonac”, care este un fel de brio\u0219\u0103 dulce \u0219i s\u0103 be\u021bi ni\u0219te vin fiert.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css_animation=”fadeIn”]<\/p>\n
[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css_animation=”fadeIn”]Mo\u0219 Geril\u0103 sau Mo\u0219 Cr\u0103ciun, a\u0219a cum este cunoscut ast\u0103zi \u00een Rom\u00e2nia, a fost interzis timp de 50 de ani \u00een perioada comunist\u0103. C\u00e2nd comuni\u0219tii au venit la putere, s-au distan\u021bat de Biseric\u0103, deoarece valorile acesteia nu erau compatibile cu doctrina lor. \u00cen Rom\u00e2nia, o \u021bar\u0103 majoritar ortodox\u0103, bisericile au fost distruse \u0219i tradi\u021biile precum Mo\u0219 Cr\u0103ciun, Sf\u00e2ntul Nicolae \u0219i Pa\u0219tele au fost \u00eenl\u0103turate, deoarece erau simboluri pe care comuni\u0219tii doreau s\u0103 le \u0219tearg\u0103 din con\u0219tiin\u021ba colectiv\u0103.
\nLa acea vreme, Mo\u0219 Cr\u0103ciun a fost \u00eenlocuit de un alter ego secular numit \u201eMo\u0219 Geril\u0103\u201d, inspirat de un personaj sovietic \u201eDed Moroz\u201d. \u00cembr\u0103cat \u00een haine albe \u0219i ro\u0219ii, Mo\u0219 Geril\u0103 venea s\u0103 le aduc\u0103 daruri celor mici, dar acest lucru se \u00eent\u00e2mpla pe 30 sau 31 decembrie sub \u201epomul de iarn\u0103\u201d \u0219i nu sub \u201ebradul de Cr\u0103ciun\u201d, a\u0219a cum i se spune \u00een zilele noastre.<\/p>\n
\u00cen mod tradi\u021bional, bradul era \u00eempodobit pe 24 decembrie, dar \u00een zilele noastre rom\u00e2nii prefer\u0103 s\u0103 \u00eel \u00eempodobeasc\u0103 mai devreme. Acesta este p\u0103strat p\u00e2n\u0103 la 7 ianuarie, ziua Sf\u00e2ntului Ion. \u00cen religia ortodox\u0103 nu exist\u0103 nicio scen\u0103 a Na\u0219terii Domnului.
\nDup\u0103 \u00eempodobirea bradului de Cr\u0103ciun, copiii, iar \u00een unele p\u0103r\u021bi ale \u021b\u0103rii \u0219i adul\u021bii, merg \u00een satul sau cartierul lor pentru a c\u00e2nta din cas\u0103 \u00een cas\u0103. Ei se numesc \u201ecolind\u0103tori\u201d. Aceste c\u00e2ntece de Cr\u0103ciun sunt de natur\u0103 religioas\u0103 \u0219i anun\u021b\u0103 na\u0219terea pruncului Iisus Hristos. \u201eColind\u0103torii\u201d primesc, conform tradi\u021biei, covrigi numi\u021bi \u201ecolaci\u201d, gogo\u0219i, dulciuri, mere sau bani. Cei mici \u0219i cei mari merg apoi la biseric\u0103 pentru a participa la slujba Na\u0219terii lui Iisus Hristos. \u00cen noaptea de 24 spre 25, Mo\u0219 Cr\u0103ciun trece pe la fiecare cas\u0103 unde copiii au fost cumin\u021bi s\u0103 lase cadouri.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css_animation=”fadeIn”]<\/p>\n
[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css_animation=”fadeIn”]La sat, tradi\u021bia colindatului cap\u0103t\u0103 o alt\u0103 form\u0103. \u201eColind\u0103torii\u201d poart\u0103 costume tradi\u021bionale frumoase, clopote, tobe \u0219i bice \u0219i fac zgomot pentru a alunga spiritele rele. \u00cen unele regiuni din Rom\u00e2nia, c\u00e2ntecele sunt \u00eenso\u021bite de dansuri precum Ursul sau Capra (\u00een special \u00een Moldova \u0219i Bucovina).[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_column_text css_animation=”fadeIn”]<\/p>\n
Dansul Ursului este un ritual ancestral unic \u00een lume care se preg\u0103te\u0219te \u00een perioada dintre Cr\u0103ciun \u0219i Revelion \u00een nordul Rom\u00e2niei (Moldova, Bucovina, Maramure\u0219). Oameni \u00eembr\u0103ca\u021bi \u00een blan\u0103 de urs cu pompoane colorate, uneori chiar cu labe cu gheare ascu\u021bite \u0219i un cap de urs, execut\u0103 un dans ritual \u00een ritmul b\u0103t\u0103ii unei tobe. Cei \u00eembr\u0103ca\u021bi \u00een costume de urs, cunoscu\u021bi sub numele de \u201eursari\u201d, imit\u0103 mi\u0219c\u0103rile, comportamentul \u0219i sunetele ursului. Rolul acestui ritual este de a alunga spiritele rele \u0219i de a marca trecerea \u00een noul an.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”33349″ img_size=”960×960″ alignment=”center” css_animation=”fadeIn”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”33356″ img_size=”960×960″ alignment=”center” css_animation=”fadeIn”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_column_text css_animation=”fadeIn”]<\/p>\n
Dansul Caprei sau \u201emersul cu capra\u201d (a merge cu capra) este o alt\u0103 tradi\u021bie festiv\u0103 rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 care are loc tot \u00een perioada s\u0103rb\u0103torilor de iarn\u0103. Este un dans ritual vechi frenetic, \u00eenso\u021bit de sunete de bici, clopote \u0219i tobe. Acesta semnific\u0103 moartea \u0219i rena\u0219terea \u0219i momentul trecerii \u00een noul an. Capra este reprezentat\u0103 de un t\u00e2n\u0103r purt\u00e2nd un costum multicolor, \u00eembr\u0103cat \u00eentr-un \u201emacat\u201d, o p\u0103tur\u0103 de l\u00e2n\u0103 cu diverse modele \u0219i desene, cu coarne reale de capr\u0103 sau de cerb \u0219i alte pompoane colorate. T\u00e2n\u0103rul este \u00eenso\u021bit \u0219i de alte personaje simboliz\u00e2nd ciobani, b\u0103tr\u00e2ni \u0219i femei precum \u0219i de dansatori \u00eembr\u0103ca\u021bi \u00een costume tradi\u021bionale rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti. Ace\u0219tia merg din cas\u0103 \u00een cas\u0103 unde danseaz\u0103 \u0219i sar pentru a-i speria pe oaspe\u021bi. Acest obicei vechi este menit s\u0103 alunge spiritele rele \u0219i s\u0103 aduc\u0103 noroc \u0219i fericire \u00een noul an.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css_animation=”fadeIn”]<\/p>\n
[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_column_text css_animation=”fadeIn”]\u00cen Ajunul Cr\u0103ciunului, c\u00e2nd colind\u0103torii sunt a\u0219tepta\u021bi s\u0103 sune la u\u0219\u0103 pentru a anun\u021ba na\u0219terea lui Iisus Hristos, to\u021bi rom\u00e2nii \u0219i musafirii lor se afl\u0103 \u00een plin proces de preg\u0103tire a delicioaselor bucate de Cr\u0103ciun. Dup\u0103 ce a\u021bi ascultat colindele de Cr\u0103ciun \u0219i a\u021bi participat la minunatele dansuri ale Ursului sau Caprei, v\u0103 pute\u021bi a\u0219eza \u00een sf\u00e2r\u0219it la mas\u0103. \u00cencepem cu antreurile const\u00e2nd \u00een r\u0103cituri sau piftie (jeleu de carne), diferitele tipuri de c\u00e2rna\u021bi de porc servite cu mur\u0103turi \u0219i mezeluri tradi\u021bionale precum tob\u0103 \u0219i \u0219orici (\u0219orici). Dac\u0103 toate aceste produse din carne de porc sunt prea multe, pute\u021bi \u00eencerca salata de vinete, ou\u0103le umplute sau salata de icre, care este o salat\u0103 preparat\u0103 din ou\u0103 de pe\u0219te. Pentru a se hidrata pu\u021bin, se poate bea vin fiert \u0219i \u021buic\u0103 sau p\u0103linc\u0103 (rachiu cu specific regional) care se consum\u0103 tot fierbin\u021bi \u0219i la care se pot ad\u0103uga c\u00e2teva boabe de piper. Se \u0219tie c\u0103 \u021buica deschide apetitul \u0219i a\u0219a pute\u021bi continua masa de Cr\u0103ciun cu o ciorb\u0103 de peri\u0219oare sau cu o por\u021bie de sarmale delicioase \u00eenso\u021bit\u0103 de ni\u0219te sm\u00e2nt\u00e2n\u0103 proasp\u0103t\u0103 \u0219i m\u0103m\u0103lig\u0103. \u0218i cum nu se poate \u00eencheia o astfel de mas\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 un desert copios \u0219i gustos, trebuie gustat celebrul cozonac \u00een timp ce \u00eel a\u0219tepta\u021bi pe Mo\u0219 Cr\u0103ciun cu darurile sale.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”33363″ img_size=”960×960″ alignment=”center” css_animation=”fadeIn”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css_animation=”fadeIn”]\u00cen Rom\u00e2nia, Cr\u0103ciunul este o perioad\u0103 foarte special\u0103 a anului, iar rom\u00e2nii sunt deosebit de pasiona\u021bi de aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103 festiv\u0103 \u0219i orientat\u0103 spre familie. De aceea, este important pentru ei s\u0103 respecte toate aceste obiceiuri \u0219i tradi\u021bii. S\u0103rb\u0103torile de iarn\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia sunt pline de tradi\u021bii, supersti\u021bii \u0219i obiceiuri transmise din genera\u021bie \u00een genera\u021bie. Gastronomia are un loc special \u00een aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103 \u00eenc\u00e2nt\u0103toare, ceea ce o face \u0219i mai frumoas\u0103.<\/p>\n
Dac\u0103 \u201esarmalele\u201d \u0219i \u201ecozonacul\u201d nu v-au convins \u00eenc\u0103 s\u0103 petrece\u021bi un Cr\u0103ciun \u00een Rom\u00e2nia, poate c\u0103 dansurile caprei sau ale ursului o vor face. Cr\u0103ciun fericit![\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css_animation=”fadeIn”]<\/p>\n
Un scurt vocabular rom\u00e2nesc pentru perioada s\u0103rb\u0103torilor de iarn\u0103:<\/p>\n
\n
- Cr\u0103ciun fericit! – Joyeux No\u00ebl!<\/li>\n
- Mo\u0219 Cr\u0103ciun – P\u00e8re No\u00ebl<\/li>\n
- An Nou Fericit! – Bonne ann\u00e9e! La Mul\u021bi Ani! (se folose\u0219te \u00een toate circumstan\u021bele \u0219i mai ales pentru anivers\u0103ri, s\u0103rb\u0103tori\u2026).<\/li>\n
- colinde – chants de No\u00ebl<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n
[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css_animation=”fadeIn”]Preparate de Cr\u0103ciun \u00een Rom\u00e2nia:<\/p>\n
\n
- sarmale – frunze de varz\u0103 sau de vi\u021b\u0103 de vie (\u00een func\u021bie de regiune) umplute cu carne de porc tocat\u0103 asezonate cu diferite mirodenii<\/li>\n
- salat\u0103 de boeuf – legume preparate la abur (sau fierte): morcovi, \u021belin\u0103, cartofi, maz\u0103re, legume murate (castrave\u021bi, ardei ro\u0219ii \u0219i ro\u0219ii verzi), toate tocate m\u0103runt \u0219i amestecate cu m\u0103sline, carne de vit\u0103 fiart\u0103 \u0219i t\u0103iat\u0103 felii sub\u021biri, la care se adaug\u0103 maionez\u0103.<\/li>\n
- ciorb\u0103 de peri\u0219oare – o sup\u0103 de legume u\u0219or acr\u0103 cu t\u0103r\u00e2\u021be fermentate, cu chiftele din carne de porc.<\/li>\n
- Friptur\u0103 de porc – asezonat\u0103 cu legume murate sau salate mixte sau cu \u201emujdei de usturoi\u201d, care este un sos picant rom\u00e2nesc \u0219i moldovenesc, f\u0103cut din c\u0103\u021bei de usturoi zdrobi\u021bi ce se transform\u0103 \u00eentr-o past\u0103, la care se adaug\u0103 sare \u0219i se amestec\u0103 \u00een mod rapid cu ulei vegetal, adesea cu ap\u0103 \u0219i ulei de floarea-soarelui.<\/li>\n
- Racituri sau piftie (jeleu de carne) – picioare, urechi \u0219i capul de porc \u00een aspic, acompaniate de o salat\u0103 de sfecl\u0103 \u0219i de hrean rase, conservate \u00eentr-un amestec de ap\u0103 \u00eendulcit\u0103 \u0219i o\u021bet.<\/li>\n
- C\u00e2rna\u021bi proaspe\u021bi de porc, care vor fi ulterior f\u0103cu\u021bi la gr\u0103tar sau pr\u0103ji\u021bi, cu garnitur\u0103 de mur\u0103turi – castraveciori, ardei ro\u0219ii, ro\u0219ii verzi, sfecl\u0103 ro\u0219ie, morcovi, ardei ro\u0219ii Kapia \u00een saramur\u0103.<\/li>\n
- Diverse mezeluri tradi\u021bionale: tob\u0103 – intestine de porc umplute cu jeleu de carne, ficat \u0219i \u0219orici; caltabo\u0219 – un alt tip de c\u00e2rna\u021bi umplu\u021bi cu intestine de porc.<\/li>\n
- Cozonac – o brio\u0219\u0103 umplut\u0103 cu fructe uscate \u0219i cacao, care necesit\u0103 un timp \u00eendelungat de preg\u0103tire, care \u00eencepe devreme, \u00een Ajunul Cr\u0103ciunului. Fr\u0103m\u00e2ntarea aluatului trebuie s\u0103 dureze c\u00e2teva ore. Umplutura este compus\u0103 din nuci zdrobite, stafide, vanilie, rom, rahat sau lokum.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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S\u0103rb\u0103torile de iarn\u0103 sunt foarte importante pentru rom\u00e2ni. Acestea fiind spuse, Cr\u0103ciunul r\u0103m\u00e2ne cea mai important\u0103 s\u0103rb\u0103toare a anului pentru ei \u0219i este s\u0103rb\u0103torit mereu cu mult fast.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":33327,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[829,718,586],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29823","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-descoperiti-europa-prin-intermediul-firmei-ab2pro","category-descoperiti-romania","category-pagina-de-pornire"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
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