{"id":30608,"date":"2022-11-16T11:40:51","date_gmt":"2022-11-16T10:40:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ab2pro.com\/cum-se-sarbatoreste-craciunul-in-bulgaria\/"},"modified":"2024-07-04T16:36:34","modified_gmt":"2024-07-04T14:36:34","slug":"cum-se-sarbatoreste-craciunul-in-bulgaria","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ab2pro.com\/ro\/cum-se-sarbatoreste-craciunul-in-bulgaria\/","title":{"rendered":"Cum se s\u0103rb\u0103tore\u0219te Cr\u0103ciunul \u00een Bulgaria?"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css_animation=”fadeInDown”]<\/p>\n

CR\u0102CIUNUL \u0218I ANUL NOU \u00ceN BULGARIA<\/h2>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”33260″ img_size=”960×960″ alignment=”center” css_animation=”fadeIn”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_column_text css_animation=”fadeIn”]Cr\u0103ciunul \u00een Bulgaria este un moment important al anului, deoarece familia se reune\u0219te pentru o cin\u0103 copioas\u0103 \u00een seara zilei de 24 decembrie. Este o s\u0103rb\u0103toare veche, c\u00e2t \u0219i nou\u0103, care a suferit mari transform\u0103ri \u00een secolul XX.
\n\u00centruc\u00e2t Bulgaria este o \u021bar\u0103 cre\u0219tin-ortodox\u0103, Cr\u0103ciunul a fost s\u0103rb\u0103torit \u00een mod tradi\u021bional pe 7 ianuarie p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 1967. \u00cen prezent, Biserica bulgar\u0103 a renun\u021bat la calendarul iulian \u0219i a trecut la calendarul gregorian.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css_animation=”fadeIn”]\u00cen Bulgaria exist\u0103 dou\u0103 etape ale s\u0103rb\u0103torii Cr\u0103ciunului – Ajunul Cr\u0103ciunului (numit \u201eBadni Vetcher\u201d, \u00een seara zilei de 24 decembrie) \u0219i Cr\u0103ciunul (numit \u201eKoleda\u201d sau \u201eRojdestvo Hristovo\u201d (Na\u0219terea lui Hristos), pe 25 decembrie).[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css_animation=”fadeIn”]<\/p>\n

Meniul de Cr\u0103ciun<\/h2>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_column_text css_animation=”fadeIn”]Ajunul Cr\u0103ciunului este ultima zi de post din cele 40 de zile de post care au \u00eenceput pe 15 noiembrie. Pentru petrecerea de Cr\u0103ciun, tradi\u021bia cere s\u0103 se serveasc\u0103 un num\u0103r impar de feluri de m\u00e2ncare diferite. De obicei, se g\u0103tesc \u0219apte, nou\u0103 sau dou\u0103sprezece feluri de m\u00e2ncare, iar caracteristica special\u0103 a mesei din Ajunul Cr\u0103ciunului este c\u0103 felurile de m\u00e2ncare nu trebuie s\u0103 con\u021bin\u0103 carne.<\/p>\n

Se g\u0103tesc m\u00e2nc\u0103ruri pe baz\u0103 de legume, cum ar fi ardei umplu\u021bi, leguminoase, semin\u021be, fructe, miere \u0219i nuci. Nucile se g\u0103sesc \u00eentotdeauna pe masa de Cr\u0103ciun a bulgarilor, iar modul \u00een care sunt sparte nucile prezice succesul sau e\u0219ecul pentru anul urm\u0103tor. Pe mas\u0103 pute\u021bi g\u0103si diverse feluri de m\u00e2ncare tipic bulg\u0103re\u0219ti, cum ar fi \u201esarmis\u201d sau sarmale.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”33267″ img_size=”960×960″ alignment=”center” css_animation=”fadeIn”][vc_column_text][\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css_animation=”fadeIn”]Nu trebuie uitat\u0103 nici p\u00e2inea tradi\u021bional\u0103 rotund\u0103 numit\u0103 \u201eBanitsa\u201d. Unii pun o moned\u0103 \u00een\u0103untru, iar persoana care o g\u0103se\u0219te se presupune c\u0103 va avea parte de fericire \u0219i noroc pentru tot restul anului. Cu c\u00e2t mai pu\u021bine feluri de m\u00e2ncare r\u0103m\u00e2n pe mas\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul mesei, cu at\u00e2t mai bogat va fi anul urm\u0103tor.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”33274″ img_size=”960×960″ alignment=”center” css_animation=”fadeIn”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_column_text css_animation=”fadeIn”]\u00cen ziua de Cr\u0103ciun, spre deosebire de ziua precedent\u0103, bulgarii pot m\u00e2nca carne. \u00cen mod tradi\u021bional, familiile se adun\u0103 \u00een jurul focului \u0219i a unei cine delicioase. Ace\u0219tia \u00ee\u0219i ureaz\u0103 s\u0103n\u0103tate \u0219i fericire pentru anul care vine \u00een timp ce savureaz\u0103 preparate din carne de porc sau curcan.
\nConform unei tradi\u021bii, cel mai \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 b\u0103rbat din familie spune o rug\u0103ciune, rupe p\u00e2inea \u0219i d\u0103 c\u00e2te o bucat\u0103 fiec\u0103rui membru al familiei de la mas\u0103, \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu cel mai \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column][vc_column_text css_animation=”fadeIn”]\u00cen unele p\u0103r\u021bi ale \u021b\u0103rii, trebuie s\u0103 fie \u0219i vin ro\u0219u pe mas\u0103. Ca \u0219i \u00een alte obiceiuri religioase, vinul simbolizeaz\u0103 s\u00e2ngele lui Iisus Hristos \u0219i de aceea este pus pe mas\u0103.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css_animation=”fadeIn”]<\/p>\n

Bu\u0219teanul de Cr\u0103ciun<\/h2>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_column_text css_animation=”fadeIn”]Bu\u0219teanul de Cr\u0103ciun provine dintr-un copac special \u0219i este a\u0219ezat \u00een \u0219emineu \u00een Ajunul Cr\u0103ciunului. Este, de obicei, un bu\u0219tean gros \u0219i lat, adesea de stejar sau p\u0103r. \u00cen func\u021bie de cum arde \u00een \u0219emineu, se poate spune cum va fi noul an – dac\u0103 focul este puternic \u0219i sar multe sc\u00e2ntei, anul urm\u0103tor va fi fertil \u0219i bogat. Bu\u0219teanul ales pentru Ajun trebuie s\u0103 fie mare \u0219i gros. El va \u021bine focul aprins \u00een cas\u0103 toat\u0103 noaptea. De obicei, femeile se ocup\u0103 de preg\u0103tirea mesei, dar \u0219i b\u0103rba\u021bii au rolul lor \u00een organizarea petrecerii.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”33281″ img_size=”960×960″ alignment=”center” css_animation=”fadeIn”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css_animation=”fadeIn”]De exemplu, alegerea \u0219i arderea bu\u0219teanului este o sarcin\u0103 destinat\u0103 b\u0103rba\u021bilor. B\u0103rbatul trebuie s\u0103 \u00eel poarte pe um\u0103r, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 nu ating\u0103 p\u0103m\u00e2ntul, s\u0103 \u00eel preg\u0103teasc\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 \u00eel aprind\u0103. \u00cen diminea\u021ba urm\u0103toare, focul trebuie stins cu vin. \u00cen cazul \u00een care exist\u0103 p\u0103r\u021bi care nu au ars, acestea pot fi folosite pentru a face cruci sau pentru a fi \u00eencorporate \u00een plug – un simbol al fertilit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i al muncii. Cenu\u0219a este \u00eempr\u0103\u0219tiat\u0103 pe c\u00e2mpuri pentru fertilitate, dar poate fi folosit\u0103 \u0219i \u00een scopuri medicinale.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css_animation=”fadeIn”]<\/p>\n

Porcul de Cr\u0103ciun<\/h2>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”33288″ img_size=”960×960″][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_column_text css_animation=”fadeIn”]Ne cerem scuze celor care nu sunt fani ai c\u0103rnii de porc, dar vechea tradi\u021bie bulgar\u0103 spune c\u0103 pe 25 decembrie – ziua de Cr\u0103ciun – se sacrific\u0103 \u0219i se m\u0103n\u00e2nc\u0103 un porc \u00eengr\u0103\u0219at special pentru aceast\u0103 s\u0103rb\u0103toare. Av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere c\u0103, \u00een zilele noastre, porcii sunt mai u\u0219or de g\u0103sit la \u021bar\u0103 dec\u00e2t la ora\u0219, pute\u021bi s\u0103 respecta\u021bi tradi\u021bia \u0219i s\u0103 g\u0103ti\u021bi carne de porc (pe care a\u021bi cump\u0103rat-o din magazin) pentru masa de Cr\u0103ciun.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css_animation=”fadeIn”]Aceast\u0103 tradi\u021bie nu este o coinciden\u021b\u0103 \u0219i justific\u0103 postul foarte strict \u00een care nu s-a consumat carne \u00een cele 40 de zile care preced Cr\u0103ciunul. \u0218i dac\u0103 ne g\u00e2ndim la vremurile \u00een care principala hran\u0103 era p\u00e2inea, ve\u021bi \u00een\u021belege cu u\u0219urin\u021b\u0103 de ce carnea de porc era o adev\u0103rat\u0103 desf\u0103tare dup\u0103 mai bine de o lun\u0103 de post.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css_animation=”fadeIn”]<\/p>\n

Denumirile Cr\u0103ciunului<\/h2>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css_animation=”fadeIn”]\u00cen func\u021bie de regiune, Cr\u0103ciunul are mai multe denumiri care aproape c\u0103 nu mai sunt folosite din diverse motive. De exemplu, Ajunul Cr\u0103ciunului este cunoscut \u0219i sub numele de \u201eCr\u0103ciunul Mic\u201d sau \u201eBydnik\u201d. S\u0103rb\u0103toarea na\u0219terii lui Iisus \u00eencepe pe 24 decembrie \u0219i dureaz\u0103 trei zile. Ziua de 25 decembrie se nume\u0219te \u201eCr\u0103ciunul mare\u201d sau \u201eBojich\u201d. Aceast\u0103 denumire este p\u0103strat\u0103 \u00een unele p\u0103r\u021bi ale \u021b\u0103rii \u0219i mul\u021bi oameni mai \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 o mai folosesc.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css_animation=”fadeIn”]<\/p>\n

Koleduvane \u0219i Koledari<\/h2>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”55376″ img_size=”960×960″ alignment=”center” css_animation=”fadeIn”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_column_text css_animation=”fadeIn”]O tradi\u021bie foarte cunoscut\u0103 \u00een Bulgaria de Cr\u0103ciun este cea a vizitei (Koleduvane) colind\u0103torilor numi\u021bi (Koledari). Vizita \u201ekoledarilor\u201d are loc \u00een noaptea dintre Ajunul Cr\u0103ciunului \u0219i diminea\u021ba de Cr\u0103ciun. Conform legendei, \u00een aceast\u0103 noapte \u00ee\u0219i fac apari\u021bia mai multe fiin\u021be supranaturale, cum ar fi \u201ekarakondjuli\u201d, vampiri \u0219i spiridu\u0219i. De ani de zile, oamenii au crezut c\u0103 Koledarii au o superputere de a alunga toate spiritele rele \u0219i de aceea ei merg din cas\u0103 \u00een cas\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd este \u00eentuneric.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css_animation=”fadeIn”]Versurile c\u00e2ntecelor lor sunt \u00eentotdeauna dedicate s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii \u0219i prosperit\u0103\u021bii. Proprietarii caselor vizitate \u00eei \u00eent\u00e2mpin\u0103 \u00eentotdeauna cu daruri. Ei c\u00e2nt\u0103 c\u00e2ntece diferite, dar fiecare c\u00e2ntec este despre s\u0103n\u0103tate \u0219i prosperitate \u00een Noul An. Trebuie s\u0103 v\u0103 imagina\u021bi c\u0103, la acea vreme, \u021bara era \u00eenc\u0103 foarte dezvoltat\u0103 din punct de vedere agricol, Cr\u0103ciunul c\u0103dea \u00een mijlocul iernii, iar noul an agricol nu \u00eencepuse \u00eenc\u0103.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_column_text css_animation=”fadeIn”]Tradi\u021bia spune c\u0103 proprietarii le d\u0103ruiesc Koledarilor \u201ekolaches\u201d, care este un tip de p\u00e2ine cu o gaur\u0103 \u00een mijloc. \u201eKolache\u201d-ul trebuie s\u0103 fie at\u00e2rnat pe \u201ekoledarka\u201d (acesta este un b\u0103\u021b special pe care fiecare Koledar trebuie s\u0103 \u00eel aib\u0103 \u00een timpul vizitei caselor). Costumele tradi\u021bionale de Cr\u0103ciun includ \u201eyamurluks\u201d groase \u0219i c\u0103lduroase – haine speciale confec\u021bionate manual din l\u00e2n\u0103 \u0219i blan\u0103, folosind o tehnologie str\u0103veche care a fost uitat\u0103 de-a lungul anilor. Era important ca Koledarii s\u0103 fie proteja\u021bi de frig \u0219i de ploaie. Ast\u0103zi, aceste ve\u0219minte r\u0103m\u00e2n un simbol al tradi\u021biei de Cr\u0103ciun.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”55358″ img_size=”960×960″ alignment=”center” css_animation=”fadeIn”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css_animation=”fadeIn”]<\/p>\n

DORIN\u021aE DE CR\u0102CIUN<\/h2>\n

Conform tradi\u021biei, se crede c\u0103 \u00een Ajunul Cr\u0103ciunului cerurile se deschid \u0219i cele mai mari dorin\u021be sunt \u00eendeplinite. Acesta este momentul \u00een care putem s\u0103 cerem ceva din inim\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 se \u00eendeplineasc\u0103. Chiar dac\u0103 acum nu crede\u021bi, dac\u0103 v\u0103 dori\u021bi cu adev\u0103rat ceva din inim\u0103, acel lucru poate deveni realitate.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css_animation=”fadeIn”]<\/p>\n

SURVAKANE<\/h2>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”55367″ img_size=”960×960″ alignment=”center” css_animation=”fadeIn”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_column_text css_animation=”fadeIn”]Obiceiul const\u0103 \u00eentr-o plimbare \u00eentr-o anumit\u0103 zon\u0103 (cartier sau sat) \u0219i, \u00een general, copiii cu v\u00e2rste cuprinse \u00eentre 4 \u0219i 12 ani sunt cei care merg la aceast\u0103 plimbare. \u00cenainte erau b\u0103rba\u021bii care o f\u0103ceau, dar, de-a lungul timpului, a fost transmis\u0103 copiilor sau persoanelor mai tinere. Ca \u0219i \u201eKoledarii\u201e, \u201esurvakarii\u201d merg din cas\u0103 \u00een cas\u0103. Ei intr\u0103 \u00een case \u0219i \u00eei bat pe proprietari pe spate cu \u201esurvachka\u201d (nuielu\u0219e \u00eempodobite special preg\u0103tite pentru acest obicei). Aceast\u0103 tradi\u021bie se nume\u0219te \u201esurvakane\u201d. \u00cen mod tradi\u021bional, este \u00eenso\u021bit\u0103 de poezii prin care se ureaz\u0103 s\u0103n\u0103tate \u0219i fertilitate. \u00cen schimb, gazdele ofer\u0103 daruri, care \u00een mod tradi\u021bional sunt produse alimentare (p\u00e2ine, vin, fructe uscate, nuci etc.) sau bani.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cr\u0103ciunul \u00een Bulgaria este un moment important al anului, deoarece familia se reune\u0219te pentru o cin\u0103 copioas\u0103 \u00een seara zilei de 24 decembrie. Este o s\u0103rb\u0103toare veche, c\u00e2t \u0219i nou\u0103, care a suferit mari transform\u0103ri \u00een secolul XX.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":33227,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[655,829,586],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30608","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-descoperiti-bulgaria","category-descoperiti-europa-prin-intermediul-firmei-ab2pro","category-pagina-de-pornire"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCum se s\u0103rb\u0103tore\u0219te Cr\u0103ciunul \u00een Bulgaria? - AB2PRO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Cum se s\u0103rb\u0103tore\u0219te Cr\u0103ciunul \u00een Bulgaria?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ab2pro.com\/ro\/cum-se-sarbatoreste-craciunul-in-bulgaria\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cum se s\u0103rb\u0103tore\u0219te Cr\u0103ciunul \u00een Bulgaria? 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